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The Leahy Law or Leahy amendment is a U.S. human rights law that prohibits the U.S. Department of State and Department of Defense from providing military assistance to foreign military units that violate human rights with impunity.〔22 USC § 2378d http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/2378d〕 It is named after its principal sponsor, Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont.〔http://www.leahy.senate.gov/issues/human-rights〕 To implement this law, U.S. embassies and the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor and the appropriate regional bureau of the U.S. Department of State vet potential recipients of security assistance.〔http://www.humanrights.gov/2013/07/09/an-overview-of-the-leahy-vetting-process/〕 If a unit is found to have been credibly implicated in a serious abuse of human rights, assistance is denied until the host nation government takes effective steps to bring the responsible persons within the unit to justice. While the U.S. Government does not publicly report on foreign armed force units it has cut off from receiving assistance, press reports have indicated that security force units in Bangladesh, Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Nigeria, Turkey, Indonesia, and Pakistan have been denied assistance due to the Leahy Law. ==Origins and background== Senator Leahy first introduced this law in 1997 as part of the Foreign Operations Appropriations Act. It (initially referred ) only to counter-narcotics assistance for one year. The next year, with his leadership, Congress expanded it to cover all State Department funded assistance. This provision was included in all annual Foreign Operations budget laws until 2008. At that time Congress made the law permanent by amending it into the Foreign Assistance Act.〔Section 620M of the Foreign Assistance Act.〕 In 2011, Congress revised the law substantially, seeking to enhance its implementation. The United States government has long been a major, if not the largest, provider of assistance—funding, training, non-lethal equipment, and/or weaponry---to foreign military and other security forces.〔Robert M. Gates, Helping Others Defend Themselves:The Future of U.S. Security Assistance, Foreign Affairs, May/June 2010 at http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66224/robert-m-gates/helping-others-defend-themselves〕 In 2012 it spent $25 billion on training and equipping foreign militaries and law enforcement agencies of more than 100 countries around the world.〔International Security Advisory Board, Report on Security Capacity Building, January 7, 2013, p. 15 at http://www.state.gov/t/avc/isab/202710.htm〕 Security assistance is driven by overriding U.S. national security objectives, including a desire to challenge/overturn communist regimes during the Cold War, counter drug trafficking in the 1990s, or counter anti-Western terrorism in the 2000s. Throughout the United States' long history of providing assistance to foreign armed forces, some portion of this assistance has been provided to forces that repress and abuse their own populations. Before 1997, the primary U.S. legislation constraining aid to countries with poor human rights records was Section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act, which prohibited security assistance to “any country the government of which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights.” This law was seen as too vague to be effective in cases where the U.S. government had an overriding interest. According to Senator Leahy, his law “makes it clear that when credible evidence of human rights violations exists, U.S.aid must stop. But, it provides the necessary flexibility to allow the U.S. to advance its foreign policy objectives in these countries.” 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leahy Law」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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